Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family combretaceae, comprising around 100 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. Terminalia superba central africa plantation volume biomass abstract in the 1940s1950s, large limba terminalia superba engl. Highresolution proxies for wood density variations in. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from fruit extract of. Terminalia superba is a large tree, up to 50 m tall and 5 m in girth, bole cylindrical, long and straight with large, flat buttresses, 6 m above the soil surface. Plantation developers mostly prefer exotic to indigenous tree species in restoration of degraded forests due, perhaps to, inadequate information on indigenous tree plantations to enable them change in that direction. Fsc is an independent, nongovernmental, not for profit organization established to promote the responsible management of the worlds forests. The specific name of the species superba refers to this imposing habit of the tree. Terminalia superba is classified as a pioneer species and usually regenerates well after forest exploitation. Review of non timber forest products ntfps in central africa. Morphology and growth periodicity of plantation grown limba trees terminalia superba engl. How terminalia chebula is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. An wikimedia commons mayda media nga nahahanungod han. It cures the diarrhea, piles, and infections of the gastrointestinal tract.
List of various diseases cured by terminalia chebula. The mean diameter of terminalia superba was generally higher in two species combination 25. The plant list includes a further 23 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus terminalia. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. It is a remedy for constipation, vomiting, and ibs. The objective of this study was to determine the thermodynamic properties of the wood of limba terminalia superba engl. The growth performance of triplochiton scleroxylon.
Presented at the starters in het bosonderzoek 2009, hoeilaart. European scientific journal november 2015 edition vol. Anatomical properties of three lesser utilised ghanaian. The final report must be sent in word format and not pdf format or any other format. The growth performance of triplochiton scleroxylon, terminalia superba and ceiba pentandra in pure and mixed stands. About 160,594 m 3 of these species were exported in 2004 4. This paper presents the performance of terminalia superba and triplochiton scleroxylon seedlings in enrichment planting in different forest canopy types or disturbance types skid trail, landing. An terminalia superba in uska species han magnoliopsida nga ginhulagway ni engl. Pdf in the 1940s1950s, large limba terminalia superba engl. The limited number of studies on mixed plantations makes it difficult to accurately predict success of mixedspecies combination especially with regards to growth, undergrowth diversity and carbon sequestration potentials. Terminalia superba, the superb terminalia, limba, or afara uk, korina us, frake africa, african limba wood, is a large tree in the family combretaceae, native to tropical western africa.
This genus gets its name from latin terminus, referring. Terminalia superba or commonly known as shinglewood is a deciduous, fastgrowing, large tree, about 60 m in height, with buttressed, cylindrical trunk and domed or flat crown. This genus gets its name from latin terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots. The family araceae comprises 123 genera and about 4150 species distributed mostly in tropical areas in the new world, but also in australia and africa stevens, 2012. A fiveyear old mixed stand of ofram terminalia superba and cedrela odorata tano offin forest reserve, nkawie plantation area. These blocks consisted of the 64, 31 and 20 years old plantations. Identify local market requirements for timber and wood products and priority areas for standards and grading rules development 4 iv. Certified seedling nurseries, 20192020 certified under. It has been planted in many tropical countries outside the natural distribution area as a promising timber plantation species, e. Tree ring analysis was performed on 60 plantation trees increment. A treering based comparison of terminalia superba climategrowth relationships in west and central africa.
This page was last edited on 26 october 2019, at 19. Terminalia superba onyekwelu major reference works wiley. Media in category terminalia superba royal museum for central africa the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Both approaches are performed on terminalia superba engl. Kaura, et al, et al, et al nigerian journal of technology, nigerian journal of technology, vol. In the heart of the limba tree terminalia superba engl. Limba the wood database lumber identification hardwood. Ofram ghana, frake ivory coast, afara nigeria, akom cameroon, limba zaire, angola. All methods were applied on terminalia superba engl. Terminalia chebula herb uses, benefits, cures, side. Request pdf terminalia superba terminalia superba is a deciduous tree species that is usually found in the upper storey in deciduous, semideciduous and moist tropical forests.
Some photosynthetic characteristics of tropical timber trees. Terminalia superba, eucalyptus grandis, mahogany, araucaria cunninghamii 0772982911 3 6. Tropical lowland forests are characterized by humid climate conditions with interannual variations in amount of precipitation, length of dry season, and relative humidity. Widely distributed from sierra leone to angola and zaire. This page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 00. Jan 01, 2018 treering observations and detailed information of wood density enable the collection of longterm, accurate data on wood production and carbon stocks in a less destructive, less expensive way. Wood with such darker figuring is referred to as black limba, while plain unfigured wood is called white limba. Nileply woods u limited nakasongola katugo ramesh kumar pinus caribaea, eucalyptus grandis 0772740043 4 8. Return to the vascular plant image library entry page or search the library index.
Most of these commonly used wood products are produced by. While 2 velocity measurements per tree are sufficient for the quick diagnosis of rotten or hollow trees, a compilation of 16 resistance profiles is necessary to distinguish the socalled false heartwood limba noir. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Terminalia superba in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. This paper presents the performance of terminalia superba and triplochiton scleroxylon seedlings in enrichment planting in different forest canopy types or disturbance types skid trail, landing bay and undisturbed area. Morphology and growth periodicity of plantation grown limba. Growth performance, triplochiton scleroxylon, terminalia superba, ceiba pentandra, pure and mixed stands. Seedlings are often abundant along roadsides and in mediumsized forest gaps 299.
An terminalia in nahilalakip ha familia nga combretaceae ilarom nga taxa. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader. Terminalia superba is widespread in west and central africa, from guinea bissau east to dr congo and south to cabinda angola. National forest plantation development programme cover photo.
Images and text for 29 species found in nimba county, liberia. A 15yearold coupe of 32 ha of mixed tree species stand combinations was selected for the study. Names of terminalia chebula in various languages of the world are also given. A treering based comparison of terminalia superba climate. It grows up to 60 m tall, with a domed or flat crown, and a trunk typically clear of. Jan 01, 2018 both resistance and velocity measurements were performed on planted and natural limba trees in the democratic republic of congo. Limba terminalia superba, african mahogany khaya anthotheca, kapok ceiba pentandra and gedu nohor entandophragma angolense for planting. Both resistance and velocity measurements were performed on planted and natural limba trees in the democratic republic of congo. Early growth of selected indigenous tree species in response to. Terminalia superba is highly regarded in some parts of cameroon in traditional medical practice. Genus species flimits localname code 1 afzelia africana 90 papao afz 2 albizia ferruginea 90 awiemfosamina alf 3 albizia zygia 90 okoro alz 4 albizia adianthifolia 90 pampena ala 5 alstonia boonei 110 sinuro abo 6 amphimas pterocarpoides 90 yaya amp 7 aningeria spp.
Terminalia superba is a deciduous tree species that is usually found in the upper storey in deciduous, semideciduous and moist tropical forests, where it occurs naturally. It is therefore recommended that the seedlings of terminalia. Treering analysis and stem biomass estimation of limba. Terminalia chebula is a good herbal method for nourishing the digestive system.
The flowers are small and white, and produced at the end of dry season before the new leaves. Developing cacao agroforestry systems for a sustainable. It grows up to 60 m tall, with a domed or flat crown, and a trunk typically clear of branches for much of its height, buttressed at the base. The plant list includes 514 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus terminalia. The rufford foundation word format and not pdf format or. In the 1940s1950s, large limba terminalia superba engl. Pdf the potential of plantations of terminalia superba engl. Naraec research and consultant group wakiso kitetika mnason tweheyo pinus caribaea, eucalyptus grandis, grevillea robusta 0772464155 4 7.
The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs. The statistical analysis carried out to determine the variations in tree diameter and height in the pure and mixed stands indicated no significant differences. Chemical composition, antioxidant and hepatoprotective. Forest products and their utilization \ terminalia superba \ wood anatomy \ wood anatomy \ traumatic canals. The stomatal conductance and rate of photosynthesis of tropical tree seedlings are reported terminalia ivorensis, t. Generally, the mean diameter of ceiba pentandra recorded in the two species combination had the highest diameter of 32 cm.
We first had to place an order in advance with the closest and most reliable. For corrections or comments relating to specific images, please contact image contributors. The number of leaves ranged from 014 for terminalia superba and 515 for triplochiton scleroxylon. Background plants belonging to the genus terminalia such as terminalia bellirica and terminalia sericea are used traditionally to treat several diseases and health disorders.
This study therefore provides information on the effects of ceiba pentandra, terminalia superba, cedrela odorata and khaya anthotheca in three different stand combinations on growth, undergrowth diversity and carbon sequestration potential. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from fruit extract of terminalia arjuna, for the enhanced seed germination activity of gloriosa superba, journal of nanostructure in chemistry, 2014, pp. This study therefore provides information on the effects of ceiba pentandra, terminalia superba, cedrela odorata and khaya anthotheca in three different stand combinations. Growth performance, undergrowth diversity and carbon. Likewise, tree growth in the mayombe was also influenced by the ssts of the. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Up to this date, the roots of terminalia sericea and the fruits of terminalia bellirica are the mostly studied plant parts. Pdf performance of terminalia superba and triplochiton. Terminalia chebula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. You do not have access to any existing collections. This page was machinegenerated by the program imao1. Key results the use of xray tomography combined with a reference material permitted direct estimates of wood density. A treering based comparison of terminalia superba springer link mar 6, 20. Terminalia an wikispecies in mayada impormasyon nga may pagkahisumpay ha. For the report on cocoa farm shade tree evaluation and recommendations. A characteristic canopy tree of tropical high secondary forest areas with a dry season of about 4 months303. Resultant partitioning and nutritional status of cocoa biomass, as well as sources of nutrient inputs through litter decomposition and n mineralization were used to differentiate interactions and subsequent growth mechanisms. It is effective in treating inflammation of the gut and fighting parasites. The phytochemical composition and the biological activities of the leaves of both species are not.
Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Bark fairly smooth, greying, flaking off in small patches. The seedlings were grown in various light regimes, defined by the photon flux density and red. Fresh leaves of the plant were collected from their local habitat in the university of nigeria, nsukka environment. Traumatic canals in wood of terminalia superba limba. Assessing the floristic biodiversity and carbon stock in a. The plant condition score across the different canopy types range from 05 for terminalia superba and 25 for triplochiton scleroxylon. Thermodynamic properties of the water sorption isotherms.
Terminalia superba royal museum for central africa. Within ten subplots censuses, all trees with a dbh 5 cm were. Terminalia superba, the indigenous maesopsis eminii and many others remains rudimentary. Toys and utility products like kitchen stools and broomsticks.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from fruit extract. We have studied the vasorelaxant effects of the stem bark methanol extract of t. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in terminalia chebula. An terminalia superba in nahilalakip ha genus nga terminalia, ngan familia nga combretaceae. Terminalia superba and newbouldia laevis, and cocoa under artificial shade to isolate a potential shading effect. The potential of plantations of terminalia superba engl. Heartwood is a light yellowish to golden brown, sometimes with grey to nearly black streaks and veins.
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